
Research
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Filters to only view publications from a particular program:
Ukraine’s Gas Pipelines: an Opportunity to Reflect on Europe’s Energy Politics
The expiration of the Russia-Ukraine gas transit deal—which will cut Russian gas flow to Europe by 30%, from an already reduced 35% of 2021 levels—underscores Europe's structural and political challenges in fully eliminating reliance on Russian energy.
Europe’s Incomplete Decoupling from Russian Gas: Sanctions, Shadow Fleets, and Third-Party Deals
Despite sanctions and efforts to diversify energy sources, Europe has not fully decoupled from Russian gas. Indirect purchases through third-party countries, long-term contracts, and Russia's shadow fleet enable Russian energy to continue flowing into Europe via complex, covert channels.
Pax Africana: Italy's Ambitious plan for Africa
Meloni, hosting this year’s G7, wanted attending nations to turn south towards Africa. Meloni cleverly leveraged her role as host to sweeten Western economies’ taste of her grand strategy for Africa: The Mattei plan.
Italy and Turkey in the Changing Mediterranean Order
As the US and EU focus elsewhere, Italy and Turkey have increased cooperation in the Mediterranean. Despite differing foreign policy objectives, they share common interests in stabilizing Libya and playing a more active role in the Mediterranean’s security.
Real Development or Debt Trap? - Understanding China’s Belt and Road Initiative
On the second leg of a tour of Africa aimed at promoting American regional investment, U.S. Treasury Secretary Janet Yellen emphasized the importance of addressing Zambia’s heavy debt burden with China. Zambia became Africa’s first pandemic-era sovereign nation to default when it failed to make a $42.5 million bond payment in November 2020. Negotiations over how to deal with the debt load have been ongoing.
20th CCP National Congress Special Issue 04: China’s Strategic Energy Issue
The recent 20th National People’s Congress suggested the importance of the state’s role in transitioning the country towards a green economy. The congress highlighted its plans to bolster its financing, resources, research, and conservation in the green energy sector. China currently pays close attention to the green energy sector in the new energy policy since it relates to China’s national security.